Palo Alto Networks (PANW) Certified Network Security Administrator (PCNSA) Practice Exam

What is required for VPN connections to securely authenticate users?

1. Username and Password

2. Two-Factor Authentication

3. Client Certificates

4. Public Key Infrastructure

The correct answer is: Client Certificates

For VPN connections to securely authenticate users, the use of client certificates is a highly regarded method. Client certificates offer a robust layer of security by providing a unique, cryptographically signed credential that proves the identity of the user or device trying to establish a connection. This method grants a high level of assurance because the private key associated with the certificate is kept secure on the client device and is not transmitted over the network during authentication. Only a correctly configured server can verify the authenticity of the client certificate, making it difficult for unauthorized users to gain access. While username and password combinations can be used for authentication, they are more susceptible to attacks such as phishing or credential theft. Two-factor authentication enhances security by adding another layer, usually involving something the user has (like a token), but does not replace the need for device identity verification provided by client certificates. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is indeed necessary to manage client certificates, but it is the certificates themselves that perform the actual authentication in this context.